### 1. Mathematics
**Question:**
Solve the quadratic equation ( x^2 – 5x + 6 = 0 ).
**Answer:**
[ x^2 – 5x + 6 = 0 ]
[ x^2 – 5x + 6 = (x-2)(x-3) = 0 ]
Thus, the solutions are ( x = 2 ) and ( x = 3 ).
### 2. Science (Physics)
**Question:**
Explain Newton’s three laws of motion with examples.
**Answer:**
– **First Law (Law of Inertia):** An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. Example: A book on a table remains stationary until someone moves it.
– **Second Law (Law of Acceleration):** The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass (\( F = ma \)). Example: Pushing a car with more force makes it accelerate faster.
– **Third Law (Action and Reaction):** For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Example: When you jump off a boat, the boat moves in the opposite direction.
### 3. Science (Chemistry)
**Question:**
Describe the structure of an atom as proposed by Rutherford.
**Answer:**
Rutherford proposed that an atom consists of a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around the nucleus in empty space. This model is known as the Rutherford atomic model.
### 4. Science (Biology)
**Question:**
What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?
**Answer:**
– **Plant Cells:** Have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole. They are generally rectangular in shape.
– **Animal Cells:** Lack a cell wall and chloroplasts and have small vacuoles. They are generally round or irregular in shape.
### 5. History
**Question:**
Discuss the main causes and consequences of the French Revolution.
**Answer:**
**Causes:**
– Social inequality between the estates.
– Financial crisis due to debt and poor economic policies.
– Enlightenment ideas promoting liberty and equality.
– Poor leadership by King Louis XVI.
**Consequences:**
– Abolition of the monarchy and establishment of a republic.
– Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
– Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.
– Spread of revolutionary ideas across Europe.
### 6. Geography
**Question:**
Explain the water cycle and its main processes.
**Answer:**
The water cycle consists of the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The main processes include:
– **Evaporation:** Water changes from liquid to vapor.
– **Condensation:** Water vapor cools and forms clouds.
– **Precipitation:** Water falls from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
– **Collection:** Water collects in oceans, rivers, lakes, and the ground.
### 7. English
**Question:**
Analyze the theme of ambition in Shakespeare’s “Macbeth”.
**Answer:**
In “Macbeth,” ambition is portrayed as a powerful, corrupting force. Macbeth’s ambition to become king leads him to murder Duncan, resulting in guilt, paranoia, and a cycle of violence. Lady Macbeth’s ambition also drives her to madness and death. The play ultimately shows that unchecked ambition can lead to one’s downfall.
### 8. Economics
**Question:**
What are the factors of production, and how do they contribute to economic activity?
**Answer:**
The factors of production are:
– **Land:** Natural resources used in production.
– **Labor:** Human effort used in production.
– **Capital:** Machinery, buildings, and tools used in production.
– **Entrepreneurship:** The ability to combine the other factors to produce goods and services.
Each factor contributes by providing essential inputs needed for creating products and services, driving economic activity.
### 9. Civics
**Question:**
What are the key features of a democratic government?
**Answer:**
– **Popular Sovereignty:** Power resides with the people who elect representatives.
– **Rule of Law:** Laws apply equally to all citizens.
– **Separation of Powers:** Division of government into branches to prevent abuse of power.
– **Protection of Rights:** Guarantee of fundamental rights and freedoms.
– **Free and Fair Elections:** Regular, transparent elections to choose leaders.
### 10. Computer Science
**Question:**
What is the importance of algorithms in programming?
**Answer:**
Algorithms are step-by-step procedures or formulas for solving problems. They are crucial in programming because they:
– Provide a clear set of instructions for tasks.
– Optimize performance and efficiency.
– Ensure accuracy and reliability of software.
– Allow for easier debugging and maintenance.
– Facilitate problem-solving and logical thinking.
These questions and answers cover a broad range of subjects and key concepts, providing a comprehensive review for Class 9th students.